Hidradenocarcinoma also known as malignant nodular hidradenoma or clear cell hidradenocarcinoma are very uncommon skin adnexal tumors of sweat gland origin known to have a high potential for local reccurence and metastasis. Histologically it is a challenge to diagnose because it very commonly mimics several metastatic visceral malignancies and other non-aggressive skin adnexal tumors. We highlight here the importance of timely diagnosis of hidradenocarcinoma and its differentiation from other look alike because of its poor prognosis and uncertain response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

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Aims and Objectives: Exfoliative cytology is a minimally invasive procedure that has been used for the detection of early changes in clinically normal oral mucosa of tobacco users. This study highlights the cause-effect relationship between tobacco usage in varied forms and the structural cellular and nuclear alterations in different age groups. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with different age groups who were tobacco users as a planned, cross-sectional study. Results: The results of the study revealed that the mean nuclear diameter (ND) and cytoplasmic diameter (CD) showed a statistically significant difference in the control group and in smokers and tobacco chewers. Conclusion: Increase in ND and decreased CD, as well as an altered nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, appear to be due to chronic tobacco usage and cytomorphometric analysis can be used to detect these cellular and subcellular alterations at an early enough stage before actually a frank, morphological change can be appreciated in relation to the oral mucosa.

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Pulse granuloma or hyaline ring granulomas as frequently encountered while histopathological examination of various oral as well as extraoral lesions. There was a great deal of uncertainty about the pathogenesis of these structures. Many confusing terminologies were also suggested and used for pulse granulomas. However, now it is clear that pulse granuloma is fundamentally a lesion arising due to chronic granulomatous inflammation in response to implantation of foreign particles in the submucosal connective tissue. Appearance of multiple pulse granulomas may create diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this paper is an attempt to revisit the clarified pathogenesis and terminology of pulse granulomas.

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The presence of oral synechia along with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a first case in the literature reported to date. We encountered a case of SCT accompanied by congenital lateral oral synechia without cleft palate. It was asymptomatic and accidental finding. It was resolved spontaneously. It may be considered Type 6 as isolated lateral synechia with extending from hard palate to the lateral part of the tongue.

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Candidiasis oral candidosis is one of the most common human opportunistic fungal infections of the oral cavity. The candidia infection may range from nonlife threatening superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive disseminated disease involving multiple organs. The treatment after confirmation of the diagnosis should include recognizing and eliminating the underlying causes, such as ill-fitting dentures, history of medications, immunological and endocrine disorders, nutritional deficiency states, and prolonged hospitalization. This pathology has a wide variety of treatment that has been studied until these days. After searching the latest articles about the treatment of candidiasis, it can be concluded that the incidence depends on the type of candidiasis and the virulence of the infection. Although nystatin and amphotericin b are the drugs used the most locally, fluconazole oral suspension is proving to be a very effective drug in the treatment of oral candidiasis. In certain high-risk groups, antifungal prophylaxis reduces the incidence and severity of infection. The prognosis is good in the great majority of cases.

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Pilomatricoma is one of the common cutaneous benign adnexal tumors but the pigmented variant is rare among them. This is a case report of pigmented pilomatricoma in a young girl which has grown as a swelling over the supraclavicular region for 3 months and the histopathological features include basaloid cells and eosinophilic shadow cells with melanin deposition, calcification, and foreign body type giant cells.

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The term “choristoma” refers to a hamartomatous tumor-like lesion that is composed of normal tissue in an abnormal location Most of the cartilaginous choristomas involve the tongue. These lesions are very rarely seen in the neck. We present a case report of an 8-year-old child presenting with a swelling on the left lower third of the neck anterior and lateral to the left sternocleidomastoid muscle in the subcutaneous plane. Swelling was present as childhood and progressively increased in size. Surgical excision was done and the specimen was sent for histopathological evaluation. Histopathological examination showed a circumscribed nodule of hyaline cartilage separated from the adjacent subcutaneous tissue and overlying skin by a thin fibrous connective tissue. Excision of the lesion including perichondrium and surrounding soft tissue is considered as curative. Removal of the perichondrium is very essential for avoiding recurrences, because perichondrium may have the capacity to develop a new cartilage.

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Background: Granulomatous mastitis holds a special place amongst the various non-neoplastic lesions of breast. Most granulomas at various sites are thought to be and turn out to be tubercular, especially in a high tuberculosis prevalence country. However, a physiologically dynamic organ-like breast can have granulomas due to various causes, which have different therapeutic implications. Further, these lesions are usually mass-forming and close mimickers of malignancy. A careful analysis of histopathology can provide important clues to the etiopathogenesis. Aims: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed histopathological examination of cases of granulomatous mastitis and correlate it with clinical characteristics and follow-up data wherever applicable. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of cases retrieved was carried out by two pathologists (RPS and MA). The morphological details were analyzed against the clinical, surgical, and follow-up data. Results and Conclusion: With careful analysis, the nature of constituent cells, relative proportion of cells and associated pathological findings can provide a clue as to the etiology of granulomas.

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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm most commonly seen in the pleura. Rarely they can occur at extrapleural sites. SFT of the pelvis is rare with very few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of a 35-year-old female who presented with complaints of pain in abdomen for the last 1 year. Computed tomography revealed a large mass lesion in the pelvis measuring 15.9 × 12 × 13.8 cm extending up to the L4-L5 level. Bilateral ovaries were not seen separately. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed an SFT.

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Teratoma may comprise either well-differentiated or primitive tissue. The tumor is diagnosed as an immature teratoma if there are areas of immature tissue in the stromal, epithelial, or neural component. The ectodermal components typically include squamous epithelium and neural tissue. We are presenting here a case of sacrococcygeal teratoma with pigmented epithelium on histopathology in a newborn female child.

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Cartilaginous metaplasia in uterine cavity is a known entity, but such a presence is extremely rare in the endocervical polyps. The importance lies in differentiating it from mixed mesodermal tumour and retained foetal parts by taking a detailed history and thorough histopathological examination. We hereby present a case of a 31-year-old female presenting with bleeding per vaginum for 1 year who was then operated for polypectomy and on histopathological examination revealed areas of cartilaginous differentiation. Only two cases of such type have been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.

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Struma ovarii is a monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma. It is a very rare, germ cell tumor of the ovary, constituting less than 1% of all ovarian tumors. Thyroid tissue is the predominant element, constituting more than 50% of the total. Thyroid-type carcinoma arising in struma ovarii is a rare finding, of which papillary carcinoma being more common, followed by follicular carcinoma and a newer entity termed as highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovarian origin. A case of 48-year-old female presented with complaints of acute lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Imaging showed a solid cystic mass in left adnexa whereas right adnexa was unremarkable. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and subsequent immunohistochemistry revealed struma ovarii with neoplastic transformation into papillary thyroid carcinoma. Malignant struma ovarii is difficult to diagnose clinicoradiologically and is mostly discovered incidentally, with only handful of cases published in the literature.

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Fundamental building blocks of our bodies are called as cells. Cellular changes play a major role in the ageing process. Cellular senescence is a process where there is inability of the cells to proliferate due to loss of replicative or growth potential. Physical inactivity is the absence of any movement produced by muscles of body, which requires energy. Various molecular mechanisms are responsible for cellular senescence. One important factor is telomere, which protects chromosome and is chiefly responsible for the replicative process. Physical activity is found to be associated with reduced disease risk and increased longevity through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. However, evidences relating to cellular senescence and physical inactivity are found in sparse. This review aims to discuss the importance of physical activity and role of telomere in senescence and other aging processes.

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Solitary plasmacytomas are rare group of neoplasms accounting for less than 5% of plasma cell dyscrasia. Here in, we report an unusual case of solitary plasma cell neoplasm in the maxilla in a 43-year-old female patient. Careful clinical and pathological evaluation revealed the isolated tumor of the plasma cells with absence of multiple bones and other extra-oral tissue involvement. As this isolated lesion has increased propensities to transform to its systemic counterpart, malignant melanoma—a constant, periodic follow-up is necessitated.

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