Fundamental building blocks of our bodies are called as cells. Cellular changes play a major role in the ageing process. Cellular senescence is a process where there is inability of the cells to proliferate due to loss of replicative or growth potential. Physical inactivity is the absence of any movement produced by muscles of body, which requires energy. Various molecular mechanisms are responsible for cellular senescence. One important factor is telomere, which protects chromosome and is chiefly responsible for the replicative process. Physical activity is found to be associated with reduced disease risk and increased longevity through various cellular and molecular mechanisms. However, evidences relating to cellular senescence and physical inactivity are found in sparse. This review aims to discuss the importance of physical activity and role of telomere in senescence and other aging processes.

Candidiasis oral candidosis is one of the most common human opportunistic fungal infections of the oral cavity. The candidia infection may range from nonlife threatening superficial mucocutaneous disorders to invasive disseminated disease involving multiple organs. The treatment after confirmation of the diagnosis should include recognizing and eliminating the underlying causes, such as ill-fitting dentures, history of medications, immunological and endocrine disorders, nutritional deficiency states, and prolonged hospitalization. This pathology has a wide variety of treatment that has been studied until these days. After searching the latest articles about the treatment of candidiasis, it can be concluded that the incidence depends on the type of candidiasis and the virulence of the infection. Although nystatin and amphotericin b are the drugs used the most locally, fluconazole oral suspension is proving to be a very effective drug in the treatment of oral candidiasis. In certain high-risk groups, antifungal prophylaxis reduces the incidence and severity of infection. The prognosis is good in the great majority of cases.

Struma ovarii is a monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma. It is a very rare, germ cell tumor of the ovary, constituting less than 1% of all ovarian tumors. Thyroid tissue is the predominant element, constituting more than 50% of the total. Thyroid-type carcinoma arising in struma ovarii is a rare finding, of which papillary carcinoma being more common, followed by follicular carcinoma and a newer entity termed as highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of ovarian origin. A case of 48-year-old female presented with complaints of acute lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Imaging showed a solid cystic mass in left adnexa whereas right adnexa was unremarkable. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathological examination and subsequent immunohistochemistry revealed struma ovarii with neoplastic transformation into papillary thyroid carcinoma. Malignant struma ovarii is difficult to diagnose clinicoradiologically and is mostly discovered incidentally, with only handful of cases published in the literature.

Solitary plasmacytomas are rare group of neoplasms accounting for less than 5% of plasma cell dyscrasia. Here in, we report an unusual case of solitary plasma cell neoplasm in the maxilla in a 43-year-old female patient. Careful clinical and pathological evaluation revealed the isolated tumor of the plasma cells with absence of multiple bones and other extra-oral tissue involvement. As this isolated lesion has increased propensities to transform to its systemic counterpart, malignant melanoma—a constant, periodic follow-up is necessitated.